Kiribati's easternmost islands, the southern Line Islands south of Hawaii, have the most advanced time on Earth, UTC+14:00 hours.
The IDL circumscribes Kiribati by swinging far to the east, almost reaching the 150°W meridian. Two US-owned uninhabited atolls, Howland Island and Baker Island, just north of the equator in the central Pacific Ocean (and ships at sea between 172.5°W and 180°), have the latest time on Earth ( UTC−12:00 hours). The IDL remains on the 180° meridian until passing the equator. Thus, all of Russia is to the west of the IDL, and all of the United States is to the east except for the insular areas of Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and Wake Island. It then bends southeast again to return to 180°. Aleutian Islands ( Attu Island being the westernmost) and the Commander Islands, which belong to Russia. It then bends considerably west of 180°, passing west of St. (Wrangel Island lies directly on the meridian at 71☃2′N 180☀′E, also noted as 71☃2′N 180☀′W.) It then passes through the Bering Strait between the Diomede Islands at a distance of 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) from each island at 168★8′37″ W. Proceeding from north to south, the first deviation of the IDL from 180° is to pass to the east of Wrangel Island and the Chukchi Peninsula, the easternmost part of Russian Siberia. These various deviations generally accommodate the political and/or economic affiliations of the affected areas. In other places, however, the IDL deviates east or west away from that meridian. In many places, the IDL follows the 180° meridian exactly. The IDL is roughly based on the meridian of 180° longitude, roughly down the middle of the Pacific Ocean, and halfway around the world from the IERS Reference Meridian, the successor to the historic Greenwich Prime Meridian running through the Royal Greenwich Observatory. See § De facto and de jure date lines below, and map above at right. This description is based on the most common understanding of the de facto International Date Line. ( July 2022) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This section needs additional citations for verification. Cardinal Gasparo Contarini, the Venetian ambassador to Spain, was the first European to give a correct explanation of the discrepancy. The crew was surprised, as they had recorded each day of the three-year journey without omission. However, the locals told them that it was actually Thursday, 10 July 1522. After sailing westward around the world from Spain, the expedition called at Cape Verde for provisions on Wednesday, 9 July 1522 (ship's time). This phenomenon was confirmed in 1522 at the end of the Magellan–Elcano circumnavigation (1519–1522), the first successful circumnavigation.
The Arab geographer Abulfeda (1273–1331) predicted that circumnavigators would accumulate a one-day offset to the local date. Back by 24 hours upon crossing the International Date Line.įailing to do this would make their time inaccurate to the local time.Forward by one hour for every 15° of longitude crossed, and.People traveling eastward must set their clocks: Forward by 24 hours upon crossing the International Date Line.Back by one hour for every 15° of longitude crossed, and.People traveling westward around the world must set their clocks: Night and day is illustrative only daylight hours depend on latitude and time of year.) Circumnavigating the globe (Times are approximate, since time zone boundaries generally do not exactly coincide with meridians. Example depicting situation at 04:00 GMT Tuesday.
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